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Education, not advice
Module 1 · Lesson 5 of 10

Candlestick Anatomy

By the end, you can label Open, High, Low, and Close on any candle — green or red.

Mental model

A box score for one slice of time. The body shows where the auction opened and closed; the wicks show the extremes it tested along the way.

Core explanation

Each candle covers a fixed time window (1 minute, 5 minutes, etc.) and records four prices: Open, High, Low, Close (OHLC).

  • Green (up) candle: close is above open — so the top of the body is the close, the bottom is the open.
  • Red (down) candle: close is below open — so the top of the body is the open, the bottom is the close.
  • Wicks (the thin lines) always mark the High (top) and Low (bottom) — the extremes price reached and left.

The colour flips which body edge is open vs close. Everything else stays put. Use the labeler below until it's automatic.

Beginner vs professional
Beginner thought

Green means good, red means bad.

Professional thought

Green means it closed above its open this window; the wicks tell me what got tested and rejected.

Try it
Label the candle
1234
1Top of the upper wick
2Top edge of the body
3Bottom edge of the body
4Bottom of the lower wick
Practice drill

In the labeler, flip the candle from green to red and watch which edges swap. Do it until you can predict the swap before it happens.

Mastery check
Mastery check · 1 of 2

On a red candle, the top of the body is the…

Takeaways
  • Every candle records Open, High, Low, Close.
  • Colour decides which body edge is open vs close; wicks are always high/low.
  • A candle is a box score, not a play-by-play.

Up next — A candle summarises — it also hides. Next: what one candle does and doesn't tell you.

Important

Helm's Education section — including Fund Your Account — is educational and is not financial, investment, or trading advice. Helm is not affiliated with Apex or any prop firm. Trading futures involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for everyone. Past performance and practice results do not predict future results. Helm is a read-only coaching and journaling tool — it never executes trades and never tells you what to buy or sell. Every decision is yours.